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Brandenburg-class battleship
The four ''Brandenburg''-class pre-dreadnought battleships were Germany's first ocean-going battleships. They were also the first German warship, of any type, to be fitted with wireless communications. The class comprised , , , and . All were laid down in 1890 and completed by 1893, except for ''Weissenburg'', which was completed in 1894. The lead ship, ''Brandenburg'', was built at the cost of 9.3 million Marks and ''Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm'' cost 11.23 million Marks. The British Royal Navy derisively referred to the ships as the "whalers."
''Brandenburg'' and her three sisters served in a wide range of roles. In 1900, the four ships were deployed to China during the Boxer Rebellion, after which they were substantially modernized. In 1910, two of the ships, ''Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm'' and ''Weissenburg'', were sold to the Ottoman Navy. ''Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm'' was sunk in 1915 by a British submarine while ''Weissenburg'' survived the war, only to be broken up in 1938. ''Brandenburg'' and ''Wörth'' saw limited service during World War I as coastal defense ships before they were withdrawn for auxiliary duties. Both ships were sold for scrapping in May 1919.
== Design ==
The ''Brandenburg''-class ships were the first ocean-going battleships built by the German Navy. They followed a number of coastal defense ships, including the and es that were only intended for local defense of the German coastline. Design work on the ships began in late 1888, under the leadership of Vice Admiral Alexander von Monts, who also secured funding for the new ships from the Reichstag. Admiral von Monts was the first naval officer appointed by the recently crowned Kaiser Wilhelm II.
The ''Brandenburg''-class ships were the foundation of what eventually became the High Seas Fleet. As they represented a shift in the strategic outlook of the German navy, the traditional method of ship construction, which relied heavily on foreign models, was abandoned. Some experimentation was implemented in the design process, particularly in the armor types that were installed on the ships. ''Brandenburg'' and ''Wörth'' were equipped with compound armor that consisted of several layers of different materials, while the latter two ships received Harvey nickel-steel alloy armor plating. The addition of a third main battery turret was also a significant innovation. While a novel concept, the midships turret caused prohibitive blast damage to the surrounding superstructure when fired, which led to the idea being abandoned. This arrangement has led some authors to characterize the ships as proto-dreadnoughts. This is incorrect, as the guns were not the same caliber, and the ships were designed to fight at close range, unlike the later dreadnought battleships.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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